Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology (BiT), Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, P.O. Box 26, Ethiopia
2
College of Engineering and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Injibara University, Injibara, P.O. Box 40, Ethiopia
3
College of Engineering and Technology, Department of Information Systems, Injibara University, Injibara, P.O. Box 40, Ethiopia
Abstract
Rising electricity demand causes mismatches between generation and demand, leading to frequency deviations from the nominal 50 Hz. Ethiopia's hydropower plants rely on primary load frequency control mechanisms; however, a supplementary mechanism is needed to maintain frequency centrally. This paper presents a hybrid neuro-fuzzy inference system-based fuzzy-proportional-integral-derivative controller and compares it with a fuzzy-proportional-integral-derivative controller, a neuro-fuzzy inference system-based controller, and a conventional proportional-integral-derivative controller within a three-area load frequency control model. The aim is to provide a robust, supplementary, centralized mechanism for the Ethiopian Electric Power grid that resolves challenges in real-time controller-parameter tuning. The hydro-governor, hydraulic turbine, synchronous generator, tie-line, and load were modeled, and a three-area system model was formulated. All four controllers were designed in MATLAB/Simulink using three governor models, and their performance was evaluated comparatively. Frequency and tie-line power flow changes, which determine the area control error, serve as feedback to the governor for regulating turbine water flow. Response was assessed via overshoot, undershoot, steady-state error, and settling time. The proposed hybrid controller significantly outperforms the alternatives: in Scenario 1, settling time fell to 12.959 seconds with an integral time absolute error of 0.00565, versus 48.8824 seconds and 0.0838 for the conventional controller. Under multi-area disturbances, the hybrid controller retained the lowest error of 0.02375, and robustness analysis under plus/minus twenty-five percent parameter variations confirmed stability. The novelty lies in hybridizing a Mamdani fuzzy-gain scheduler with a Sugeno-type neuro-fuzzy system trained on multi-governor transient data, a combination not previously reported.
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