Hybrid Energy System for EV Charging Station Using PV Fed Z-Source Modified Luo Converter and Fuel Cell Integration

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Godavari Institute of Engineering and Technology (A), Rajahmundry, India. Rajahmundry

2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Godavari Global University, Rajahmundry, India.

3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Godavari Institute of Engineering and Technology (A), Rajahmundry, India.

Abstract

Petroleum-based vehicles are rapidly being phased out of transportation sector as number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) rises. Nonetheless, timely and well-coordinated growth of EV Charging Stations (CSs) are crucial for quick implementation of EVs. Since randomly distributed Photovoltaic (PV) system causes high power losses and voltage variances that exceed permitted limitations, integrating EVCSs into the current distribution network is difficult. This research proposes an EV charging solution supported by PV systems and fuel cells (FC) to sustain a variable load under an optimized energy management strategy. To overcome the intermittent nature of PV system, a Z-source modified Luo converter is employed, which provides higher efficiency and voltage gain. A Walrus optimized Proportional Integral (PI) controller is utilized to improve performance of developed converter with stabilized voltage. The performance of developed FC system is improved by using Boost converter with PI controller. In order to meet load requirement of the grid-connected charging station during unavailability of PV or FC shutdown condition, the grid source power the EV, thus ensures effective EV charging even under uncertain environmental conditions. The developed work is verified through MATLAB/Simulink and outcomes reveal higher converter efficieny of  97.14% with improved voltage gain, offering uninterrupted power supply to EVs.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Singh, A. Verma, A. Chandra, and K. Al-Haddad, “Implementation of solar PV-battery and diesel generator-based electric vehicle charging station”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 4007 – 4016, 2020.
  2. S. Abraham, B. Chandrasekar, N. Rajamanickam, P. Vishnuram, V. Ramakrishnan, M. Bajaj, M. Piecha, V. Blazek, and L. Prokop, “Fuzzy-based efficient control of DC microgrid conTABuration for PV-energized EV charging station”, Energies, vol. 16, no, 6, pp. 2753, 2023.
  3. P. Singh, Y. Kumar, Y. Sawle, M. A. Alotaibi, H. Malik, and F. P. G. Márquez, “Development of artificial Intelligence-Based adaptive vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle controller for electric vehicle charging station”, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 102937, 2024.
  4. F. Nishimwe H, and S. G. Yoon, “Combined optimal planning and operation of a fast EV-charging station integrated with solar PV and ESS. Energies”, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 3152, 2021.
  5. Dukpa, and B. Butrylo, “MILP-based profit maximization of electric vehicle charging station based on solar and EV arrival forecasts”, Energies, vol.  15, no. 15, pp. 5760, 2022.
  6. K. Karmaker, M. A. Hossain, H. R. Pota, A. Onen, and J. Jung, “Energy management system for hybrid renewable energy-based electric vehicle charging station”, IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 27793 – 27805, 2023.
  7. Datta, A. Kalam, and J. Shi, “Smart control of BESS in PV integrated EV charging station for reducing transformer overloading and providing battery-to-grid service”, Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 28, pp. 101224, 2020.
  8. Jang, Z. Sun, S. Ji, C. Lee, D. Jeong, S.  Choung, and S. Bae, “Grid-connected inverter for a PV-powered electric vehicle charging station to enhance the stability of a microgrid”, Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 24, pp.14022, 2021.
  9. K. Santhoshi, K. Mohanasundaram, and L.A Kumar, “ANN-based dynamic control and energy management of inverter and battery in a grid-tied hybrid renewable power system fed through switched Z-source converter”, Electrical Engineering, vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 2285 – 2301, 2021.
  10. Kouka, A. Masmoudi, A. Abdelkafi, and L. Krichen, “Dynamic energy management of an electric vehicle charging station using photovoltaic power”, Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 24, pp. 100402, 2020.
  11. A. Mohamed, A. El-Sayed, H. Metwally, and S. I. Selem, “Grid integration of a PV system supporting an EV charging station using Salp Swarm Optimization”, Solar Energy, vol. 205, pp. 170-182, 2020.
  12. Cheikh-Mohamad, M. Sechilariu, F. Locment, and Y. Krim, “PV-powered electric vehicle charging stations: Preliminary requirements and feasibility conditions”, Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1770, 2021.
  13. Sun, “A multi-objective optimization model for fast electric vehicle charging stations with wind, PV power and energy storage,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 288, pp. 125564, 2021.
  14. Wu, J. Zhang, A. Ravey, D. Chrenko, and A. Miraoui, “Real-time energy management of photovoltaic-assisted electric vehicle charging station by Markov decision process”, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 476, pp. 228504, 2020.
  15. P. Joshua, J. Ranga, P. V. Prasad, B. Mallala, M. Rajendiran, and R. Maranan, “Optimized Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Charging in Smart Grid using Deep Learning”, In 2024 International Conference on Expert Clouds and Applications (ICOECA), pp. 408 – 412, 2024.
  16. S. Kavin, P. Subha Karuvelam, M. Devesh Raj, and M. Sivasubramanian, “A Novel KSK Converter with Machine Learning MPPT for PV Applications”, Electric Power Components and Systems, pp. 1– 19, Apr 2024.
  17. Raj, and R. P. Praveen, “Highly efficient DC-DC boost converter implemented with improved MPPT algorithm for utility level photovoltaic applications,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 101617, 2022.
  18. C. Mohanta, B. T. Geetha, M. S. Alzaidi, I. S. Dhanoa, P. Bhambri, U. Mamodiya, and R. Akwafo, “An Optimized PI Controller‐Based SEPIC Converter for Microgrid‐Interactive Hybrid Renewable Power Sources”, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, no. 1, pp. 6574825, 2022.
  19. Zhu, J. Liu, Y. Liu, S.  Zhi, and Y. Zhao, “A high-reliability SEPIC converter with reconfigurable voltage conversion gain”, Energy Reports, vol.  9, pp. 523 – 531, 2023.
  20. D. Navamani, A. Geetha, D. Almakhles, A. Lavanya, and J. S. M. Ali, “Modified LUO High Gain DC-DC Converter With Minimal Capacitor Stress for Electric Vehicle Application”, in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 122335 – 122350, 2021.
  21. Rahimi, S. Habibi, M. Ferdowsi, and P. Shamsi. “Z-source-based high step-up DC–DC converters for photovoltaic applications”, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 4783 – 4796, 2021.
  22. F. Faisal, A. R. Beig, and S. Thomas, “Time domain particle swarm optimization of PI controllers for bidirectional VSC HVDC light system”, Energies, vol.  13, no. 4, pp. 866, 2020.
  23. Gholami, K. K. A. Ghany, and H. M. Zawbaa, “A novel global harmony search algorithm for solving numerical optimizations”, Soft Computing, vol. 25, pp. 2837 – 2849, 2021.
  24. H. Gana, A. L. Amoo, G. A. Bakare, and A. A. Echo. “Load Frequency Control Strategy for the Nigerian Power System Using Artificial Bee Colony Optimized PI Controller”, World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 25 – 29, 2021.
  25. Wang, B. Sheng, Q. Lu, R. Luo, and G. Fu, “A Multi-Objective Cuckoo Search Algorithm Based on the Record Matrix for a Mixed-Model Assembly Line Car-Sequencing Problem”, in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 76453 – 76470, 2020.
  26. Kumar, Rahul, Ramani Kannan, Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh, Ghulam E. Mustafa Abro, Nirbhay Mathur, and Maveeya Baba. "An efficient design of high step-up switched Z-Source (HS-SZSC) DC-DC converter for grid-connected inverters." Electronics 11, no. 15 (2022): 2440.
  27. Saranya, and G. G. Samuel, “Energy management in hybrid photovoltaic–wind system using optimized neural network”, Electrical Engineering, vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 475 – 492, 2024.
  28. Sathish, I. A. Chidambaram, and M. Manikandan, “Intelligent cascaded adaptive neuro fuzzy interface system controller fed KY converter for hybrid energy-based microgrid applications”, Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, vol. 1, pp. 63 – 70, 2023.
  29. Gopalasami, Ramanathan, Bharatiraja Chokkalingam, and Suresh Muthusamy. "A novel method for hybridization of super lift Luo converter and boost converter for electric vehicle charging applications." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 45, no. 3 (2023): 8419-8437.
  30. T. Prasad, R. Anandhakumar, and P. Balamurugan, “Intelligent MPPT control for SEPIC-Luo converter in grid-tied photovoltaic system”, International Journal of Applied, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 112, 2024.
  31. Wang p. Wang, B. Li, X. Ma, and P. Wang, “A bidirectional DC–DC converter with high voltage conversion ratio and zero ripple current for battery energy storage system”, IEEE Trans Power Electron, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 8012 – 8027, 2020.
  32. Bi, Z. Mu, and Y. Chen, “Common grounded wide voltage‐gain range DC–DC converter with zero input current ripple and reduced voltage stresses for fuel cell vehicles”, IEEE Trans Ind Electron, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 2607– 2616, 2022.  
  33. Laoprom, and S. Tunyasrirut, “Design of PI Controller for Voltage Controller of Four‐Phase Interleaved Boost Converter Using Particle Swarm Optimization”, Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2020, no. 1, pp. 9515160, 2020.
  34. H. Sule, A. S. Mokhtar, J. J. B. Jamian, A. Khidrani, and R. M. Larik, “Optimal tuning of proportional integral controller for fixed-speed wind turbine using grey wolf optimizer”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 5251– 5261, 2020.
AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering
Volume 58, Issue 1
2026
Pages 205-224

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics