AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering

AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering

Efficient Control and Five-Level MMC Integration for Power Quality Improvement in DFIG-Based Wind Energy System

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Kunche Gowthami 1
Dondapati Ravi Kishore 2
Inti Sai Deepthi 1
Kolapati Durga Prasad 1
Gandham Satish Kumar 1
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Godavari Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajahmundry, India.
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Godavari Global University, Rajahmundry, India.
10.22060/eej.2025.24305.5677
Abstract
Main objectives of the study are to address Power Quality (PQ) problems caused by shifting load demands, including voltage instability and harmonic distortion, which affect system performance and reduce stability. In order to achieve the set goals, the following tasks were accomplished: the design and implementation of a 5-Level Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) powered by a Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind system, the application of advanced control techniques utilizing D-Q theory and a Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) for stable current injection, and the incorporation of an LC filter to enhance AC supply quality. The most important results are the reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) to 1.35%, enhanced voltage stability, and improved overall PQ, validated through MATLAB simulations. The significance of obtained results is the development of a robust and efficient system that addresses PQ issues, offering a substantial improvement over state-of-the-art methods and ensuring high-quality power delivery to grid.
Keywords
Power Quality (PQ)
5-Level MMC
DFIG-Wind System
DQ- Sheory
HCC
Subjects
  1. K. Beniwal, M. K. Saini, A. Nayyar, B. Qureshi, A. Aggarwal A, “A critical analysis of methodologies for detection and classification of power quality events in smart grid”, IEEE Access, 2021, vol. 9, pp. 83507-83534.
  2. Das, B. Singh, “Enhanced control of DFIG-based wind energy conversion system under unbalanced grid voltages using mixed generalized integrator”, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics, 2022, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 308-320.
  3. Krishnan, G. Prakash, N. Vengadachalam, R. Amaleswari, K. Eswaramoorthy, “Simulation of Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter with New Topology for Less THD”, 2022 International Conference on Computer, Power and Communications (ICCPC), 2022, pp. 621-626.
  4. Rodriguez, R. Heydari, Z. Rafiee, H. A. Young, F. Flores-Bahamonde, M. Shahparasti, “Model-free predictive current control of a voltage source inverter”, IEEE Access, 2020, vol. 8, pp. 211104-211114.
  5. L. Rodríguez-Amenedo, S. A. Gómez, M. Zubiaga, P. Izurza-Moreno, J. Arza, J.D. Fernández, “Grid-forming control of voltage source converters based on the virtual-flux orientation”, IEEE Access, 2023, vol. 11, pp. 10254-10274.
  6. Liu, Z. Zhang, Y. Yin, Y. Li, H. Xie, M. Zhang, Y. Zhao, R. Kennel, “A robust high-quality current control with fast convergence for three-level NPC converters in microenergy systems”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2023, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 10716-10726.
  7. Akbari, A. Z. G. Seyyedi, “Power quality enhancement of distribution grid using a photovoltaic-based hybrid active power filter with three-level converter”, Energy Reports, 2023, vol. 9, pp. 5432-5448.
  8. Humayun, M.M. Khan, A. Muhammad, J. Xu, W. Zhang, “Evaluation of symmetric flying capacitor multilevel inverter for grid-connected application”, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2020, vol. 115, pp. 105430.
  9. Candan, N. C. Brooks, A. Stillwell, R.A. Abramson, J. Strydom, R. C. Pilawa-Podgurski, “A six-level flying capacitor multilevel converter for single-phase buck-type power factor correction” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 6335-6348.
  10. Lashab, D. Sera, T. Kerekes, Y. Terriche, A. Bouzid, J. C. Vasquez, J. M. Guerrero, “A cascaded H-bridge with integrated boosting circuit”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 18-22.
  11. Sadoughi, A. Pourdadashnia, M. Farhadi-Kangarlu, S. Galvani, “PSO-optimized SHE-PWM technique in a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter for variable output voltage applications”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 8065-8075.
  12. Sandhu, T. Thakur, “Modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter for hybrid renewable energy applications”, IETE Journal of Research, 2022, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 3971-3983.
  13. D. S. Bettoni, H. D. O. Ramos, F. F. Matos, V. F. Mendes, “Cascaded h-bridge multilevel converter applied to a wind energy conversion system with open-end winding”, Wind, 2023, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 232-252.
  14. Yang, G. Shi, C. Zhang, G. Li, X. Cai, “Internal energy based grid-forming control for MMC-HVDC systems with wind farm integration”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 503-512.
  15. Imam, R. Sreerama Kumar, Y. A. Al-Turki, “Modeling and simulation of a PI controlled shunt active power filter for power quality enhancement based on PQ theory”, Electronics, 2020, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 637.
  16. S. Priyadarshini, D. Krishna, K. V. Kumar, K. Amaresh, B. S. Goud, M. Bajaj, T. Altameem, W. El-Shafai, M. M. Fouda, “Significance of harmonic filters by computation of short-time Fourier transform-based time–frequency representation of supply voltage”, Energies, 2023, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 2194.
  17. Kashif, M. J. Hossain, E. Fernandez, S. Taghizadeh, V. Sharma, S. N. Ali, U. B. Irshad, “A fast time-domain current harmonic extraction algorithm for power quality improvement using three-phase Active power filter”, IEEE Access, 2020, vol. 8, pp. 103539-103549.
  18. Shekhar, T. B. Soeiro, Y. Wu, P. Bauer, “Optimal Power Flow Control in Parallel Operating AC and DC Distribution Links”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 1695-1706.
  19. Muhammad, H. Rasheed, “Power loss distribution and characterization of modular multilevel converter for smart grid applications”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 2022, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1540-1551.
  20. Vozikis, F. Alsokhiry, G. P. Adam, Y. Al-Turki, “Novel enhanced modular multilevel converter for high-voltage direct current transmission systems”, Energies, 2020, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 2257.
  21. Huang, Y. Tian, J. Chen, “Circulating Current Suppression Combined with APF Current Control for the Suppression of MMC Voltage Fluctuations”, Electronics, 2025, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 64.
  22. R. Kumar, M. S. Bhaskar, U. Subramaniam, D. Almakhles, S. Padmanaban, J. Bo-Holm Nielsen, "An improved harmonics mitigation scheme for a modular multilevel converter," IEEE Access, 2019, vol. 7, pp. 147244-147255.
  23. Ramirez, M. E. Zarei, M. Gupta, J. Serrano, "Fast model-based predictive control (FMPC) for grid-connected modular multilevel converters (MMC)," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2020, vol. 119, pp. 105951.
  24. Zheng, Y. Chen, Y. Kang, "A modular multilevel converter (MMC) based solid-state transformer (SST) topology with simplified energy conversion process and magnetic integration," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2020, vol. 68, no. 9, pp. 7725-7735.
  25. Jin, Z. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Xu, F. Xu, "Harmonic filtering and fault ride‐through of diode rectifier unit and modular multilevel converter based offshore wind power integration," IET Renewable Power Generation, 2023.
  26. Jiang, H. Shu, M. Liao, "Fault-tolerant control strategy for sub-modules open-circuit fault of modular multilevel converter," Electronics, 2023, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1080.
AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering
Volume 58, Issue 1
2026
Pages 45-58