Potential Impacts of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Central Nervous System, Brain Neurotransmitter Dynamics and Reproductive System

Eskandarpour, Mehrshad; Nooramin, Amirsaman

doi:10.22060/eej.2025.23753.5631

Potential Impacts of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Central Nervous System, Brain Neurotransmitter Dynamics and Reproductive System

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Mehrshad Eskandarpour ¹

Amirsaman Nooramin ²

¹ BSc, Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Systems and Networks, IUST, Tehran, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Fields and Waves, IUST, Tehran, Iran

10.22060/eej.2025.23753.5631

Abstract

Human life has been increasingly affected by the rapid advancement of electronic technology and the widespread use of devices emitting electromagnetic radiation (EMR), such as Wi-Fi and mobile phones. While much remains unclear, studies suggest that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can influence human health, particularly reproduction and the nervous system. EMF exposure, including from non-ionizing radiation produced by Wi-Fi and mobile phones, has been linked to potential effects on the male and female reproductive systems, embryonic development, and neuronal health. Key mechanisms include oxidative stress, thermal effects, changes in neurotransmitter metabolism, receptor function, nerve cell apoptosis, and ion channel dynamics. However, the long-term health risks, especially in children and adolescents due to prolonged exposure, remain a topic of debate. Despite current studies not confirming that RF-EMW from Wi-Fi exceeds safety guidelines, further research is essential to fully understand the implications of RF-EMW exposure on human health, particularly regarding reproduction and neurological effects. This review highlights the need for updated safety standards, more refined regulatory frameworks, and long-term investigations to clarify the potential biological and neurobiological consequences of EMF exposure.

Keywords

Electromagnetic wave

RFR

EMF

Nerve System

Central Nervous System

Subjects