[1] Jagetia GC. Genotoxic effects of electromagnetic field radiations from mobile phones. Environ Res 2022; 212: 113321. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113321
[2] Clegg FM, Sears M, Friesen M, Scarato T, Metzinger R, Russell C, et al. Building science and radiofrequency radiation: What makes smart and healthy buildings. Build Environ 2020; 176: 106324.
[3] Johnson CC, Guy AW. Nonionizing electromagnetic wave effects in biological materials and systems. Proc IEEE 1972; 60: 692-718.
[4] Hardell L, Sage C. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed Pharmacother 2008; 62: 104-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2007.12.004
[5] Michaelson S. Health implications of exposure to radiofrequency/ microwave energies. Occup Environ Med 1982; 39: 105-19. https:// doi.org/10.1136/oem.39.2.105
[6] Michaelson SM. Human exposure to nonionizing radiant energy— Potential hazards and safety standards. Proc IEEE 1972; 60: 389- 421. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1972.8648
[7] Sun Z-c, Ge J-l, Guo B, Guo J, Hao M, Wu Y-c, et al. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate vesicle endocytosis by increasing presynaptic calcium channel expression at a central synapse. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 21774. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21774
[8] Kim JH, Yu D-H, Kim H-J, Huh YH, Cho S-W, Lee J-K, et al. Exposure to 835 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field induces autophagy in hippocampus but not in brain stem of mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34: 23-35. https://doi. org/10.1177/0748233717740066
[9] Kim JH, Yu D-H, Huh YH, Lee EH, Kim H-G, Kim HR. Long-term exposure to 835 MHz RF-EMF induces hyperactivity, autophagy and demyelination in the cortical neurons of mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 41129. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41129.
[10] Hu C, Zuo H, Li Y. Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Neurotransmitters in the Brain. Front Public Health. 2021 Aug 17;9:691880. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.691880. PMID: 34485223; PMCID: PMC8415840.
[11] Kim JH, Lee JK, Kim HG, Kim KB, Kim HR. Possible Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure on Central Nerve System. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2019 May 1;27(3):265-275. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.152. PMID: 30481957; PMCID: PMC6513191.Systems," in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 74, pp. 1-12, 2025, Art no. 9500312.
[12] Eskandani R, Zibaii MI. Unveiling the biological effects of radio-frequency and extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields on the central nervous system performance. Bioimpacts. 2024;14(4):30064. doi: 10.34172/bi.2023.30064. Epub 2023 Dec 30. PMID: 39104617; PMCID: PMC11298025.
[13] Belpomme D, Hardell L, Belyaev I, Burgio E, Carpenter DO. Thermal and non-thermal health effects of low intensity non-ionizing radiation: An international perspective. Environ Pollut. (2018) 242:643–58. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.019
[14] Zhi WJ, Wang LF, Hu XJ. Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains. Mil Med Res. (2017) 4:29. doi: 10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0
[15] Comelekoglu U, Aktas S, Demirbag B, Karagul MI, Yalin S, Yildirim M, et al. Effect of low-level 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the rat sciatic nerve and the protective role of paricalcitol. Bioelectromagnetics. (2018) 39:631–43. doi: 10.1002/bem.22149
[16] Eris AH, Kiziltan HS, Meral I, Genc H, Trabzon M, Seyithanoglu H, et al. Effect of Short-term 900 MHz low level electromagnetic radiation exposure on blood serotonin and glutamate levels. Bratisl Lek Listy. (2015) 116:101–3. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2015_019
[17] Ng J, Heales SJ, Kurian MA. Clinical features and pharmacotherapy of childhood monoamine neurotransmitter disorders. Paediatr Drugs. (2014) 16:275–91. doi: 10.1007/s40272-014-0079-z
[18] Sheffler ZM, Reddy V, Pillarisetty LS. Physiology, Neurotransmitters. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing (2021).
[19] Magiera A., Solecka J., Mobile telephony and its effects on human health, Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2019;70(3):225- 234, doi: 0.32394/rpzh.2019.0073
[20] Jasiński Ł.:Analiza iporównanie modeli propagacyjnych dla środowiska wewnątrzbudynkowego, 2011. Available https://docplayer.pl/16169631-Analiza-iporownanie-modelipropagacyjnych-dlasrodowiskawewnatrzbudynkowego.html (Accessed 21.02.2020)
[21] Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Health Phys. 1998 Apr;74(4):494- 522. Available: https://www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPemfgdl.pdf (Accessed 21.02.2020)
[22] Mamrot P., Mariańska M.: Pola elektromagnetyczne w otoczeniu routerów Wi-Fi. Prz. Telekomunikacyjny-Wiad. Telekomunikacyjne, 2015, 4, 213-216
[23] Szulewski P., Ostrowski I.: Wstępna analiza możliwości zastosowania sieci WiFi do komunikacji z robotem mobilnym w środowisku przemysłowym, Gospodarka Materialowa & Logistyka, 2015;(4):5180–5187.
[24] Jasiński Ł.:Analiza iporównanie modeli propagacyjnych dla środowiska wewnątrzbudynkowego, 2011. Available https://docplayer.pl/16169631-Analiza-iporownanie-modelipropagacyjnych-
[25] Peyman A., Khalid M., Calderon C., Addison D., Mee T., Maslanyj M., Mann S., Assessment of exposure to electromagnetic fields from wireless computer networks (wi-fi) in schools; results of laboratory measurements, Health Phys. 2011 Jun;100(6):594-612. doi:10.1097/ HP.0b013e318200e203
[26] Hosseini M.A., Hosseini A., Jarideh S., Argasi H., Shekoohi-Shooli F., Zamani A., Taeb S., Haghani M.: Evaluating short-term exposure to Wi-Fi signals on students’ reaction time, short-term memory and reasoning ability. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2019, doi:10.1093/rpd/ncz162
[27] Karipidis K., Henderson S., Wijayasinghe D., Tjong L., Tinker R.: Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields From Wi-Fi in Australian Schools. Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2017, 175(4): 432-439, doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncw370
[28] Foster K.R.: Radiofrequency exposure from wireless LANs utilizing Wi-Fi technology. Health Phys. 2007 Mar;92(3):280-9, doi: 10.1097/01.HP.0000248117.74843.34
[29] Schmid G., Preiner P., Lager D., Uberbacher R., Georg R.: Exposure of the general public due to wireless LAN applications in public places, Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2007;124(1):48-52. Epub 2007 Jun 11, doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm320.
[30] Council Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC)
[31] Karipidis K., Henderson S., Wijayasinghe D., Tjong L., Tinker R.: Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields From Wi-Fi in Australian Schools. Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2017, 175(4): 432-439, doi: 10.1093/rpd/ ncw370
[32] Banaceur S., Banasr S., Sakly M., Abdelmelek H.: Whole body exposure to 2.4 GHz WIFI signals: effects on cognitive impairment in adult triple transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (3xTg-AD). Behav Brain Res. 2013 Mar 1;240:197-201. doi: 10.1016/j. bbr.2012.11.021
[33] Hassanshahi A., Shafeie S. A., Fatemi I., Hassanshahi E., Allahtavakoli M., Shabani M., Roohbakhsh A., Shamsizadeh A.: The effect of Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves in unimodal and multimodal object recognition tasks in male rats. Neurol Sci. 2017 Jun;38(6):1069- 1076, doi:10.1007/s10072-017-2920-y
[34] Sokolska G., Szmigielski S.: Efekty biologiczne pól radio i mikrofalowych w badaniach doświadczalnych. Materiały konferencyjne Szkoły Jesiennej „Wpływ fal elektromagnetycznych na organizmy żywe”; 18–22 października 1993; Zakopane, Polskie Towarzystwo Badań Radiologicznych, Warszawa 1993: 101–122
[35] Hosseini M.A., Hosseini A., Jarideh S., Argasi H., Shekoohi-Shooli F., Zamani A., Taeb S., Haghani M.: Evaluating short-term exposure to Wi-Fi signals on students’ reaction time, short-term memory and reasoning ability. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2019, doi:10.1093/rpd/ncz162
[36] Findlay R., Dimbylow P.J.: SAR in a child voxel phantom from exposure to wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi). Phys Med Biol. 2010 Aug 7;55(15):N405-11.doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/15/N01
[37] AGNIR. 2012, Health Effects from Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields. Report of the Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation. Doc HPA, London: Health Protection Agency, RCE-20, 2012
[38] Pearce J. Limiting liability with positioning to minimize negative health effects of cellular phone towers. Environ Res. (2020) 181:108845. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108845
[39] Szilágyi Z, Németh Z, Bakos J, Necz P, Sáfár A, Kubinyi G, et al. Evaluation of inflammation by cytokine production following combined exposure to ultraviolet and radiofrequency radiation of mobile phones on 3D reconstructed human skin in vitro. Int J Environ Res Public Health. (2020) 17:4401. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124401.
[40] Lee J, Jang S, Ju Y, Kim W, Lee H, Park E. Relationship between mobile phone addiction and the incidence of poor and short sleep among korean adolescents: a longitudinal study of the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey. J Korean Med Sci. (2017) 32:1166–72. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1166.
[41] Ishihara T, Yamazaki K, Araki A, Teraoka Y, Tamura N, Hikage T, et al. Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field in the high-frequency band and cognitive function in children and adolescents: a literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. (2020) 17:9179. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249179.
[42] Hardell L. Effects of mobile phones on children’s and adolescents’ health: a commentary. Child Dev. (2018) 89:137–40. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12831
[43] Miller A, Sears M, Morgan L, Davis D, Hardell L, Oremus M, et al. Risks to health and well-being from radio-frequency radiation emitted by cell phones and other wireless devices. Front Public Health. (2019) 7:223. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00223.
[44] Zheng F, Gao P, He M, Li M, Tan J, Chen D, et al. Association between mobile phone use and self-reported well-being in children: a questionnairebased cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China. BMJ Open. (2015) 5:e007302. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007302.
[45] Narayanan, S.N., Jetti, R., Kesari, K.K. et al. Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced behavioral changes and their possible basis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 30693–30710 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06278-5.
[46] Zmyślony M, Politański P. Zagrożenia zdrowia i ochrona zdrowia pracujących w narażeniu na pola i promieniowanie elektromagnetyczne 0–300 GHz. Oficyna Wydawnicza Instytutu Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera, 2009; 7–50 (in Polish).
[47] Agarwal A, Desai NR, Makker K, et al. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2009; 92(4): 1318 25. 10.
[48] Makker K, Varghese A, Desai NR, Mouradi R, Agarwal A. Cell phones: modern man’s nemesis? Reprod Biomed Online. 2009; 18(1): 148–57.
[49] Szkodziak P, Wozniak S, Czuczwar P, Wozniakowska E, Milart P, Mroczkowski A, Paszkowski T. Infertility in the light of new scientific reports – focus on male factor. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2016; 23(2): 227–30. 12.
[50] Bojar I, Witczak M, Wdowiak A. Biological and environmental conditionings for a sperm DNA fragmentation. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013; 20(4): 865–8.
[51] DeCoursey TE. Voltage-gated proton channels: molecular biology, physiology, and pathophysiology of the H(V) family. Physiol Rev. 2013; 93(2): 599–652. 16.
[52] Okamura Y, Fujiwara Y, Sakata S. Gating mechanisms of voltage-gated proton channels. Annu Rev Biochem. 2015; 84: 685–709.
[53] Mazurek PA, Kisiel K, Tomczyk P, Wiak M. Analiza emisji elektromagnetycznej w środowisku przemysłowym na przykładzie Zakładów Azotowych Puławy S.A. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny 2014; 12(90); 240–243 (in Polish).
[54] Formicki K, Szulc J, Tański A, Korzelecka-Orkisz A, Witkowski A, Kwiatkowski P. The effect of static magnetic field on Danude huchen,Hucho hucho(L.)sperm motility parameters. Arch Pol Fish. 2013; 21: 189–197
[55] Dasdag S, Ketani MA, Akdag Z, Ersay AR, Sari I, Demirtas OC, et al.: Whole-body microwave exposure emitted by cellular phones and testicular function of rats. Urol Res. 1999; 27: 219-23.
[56] Kandeel FR, Swerdloff RS: Role of temperature in regulation of spermatogenesis and the use of heating as a method for contraception. Fertil Steril. 1988; 49: 1-23.
[57] Jung A, Schill WB: Male infertility. Current life style could be responsible for infertility. MMW Fortschr Med. 2000; 142: 31-3.
[58] Saunders RD, Kowalczuk CI: Effects of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation and heat on mouse spermatogenic epithelium. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1981; 40: 623-32
[59] Varma MM, Traboulay EA Jr.: Biological effects of microwave radiation on the testes of Swiss mice. Experientia. 1975; 31: 301-2.
[60] Kowalczuk CI, Saunders RD, Stapleton HR: Sperm count and sperm abnormality in male mice after exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation. Mutat Res. 1983; 122: 155-61.
[61] Straume A, Oftedal G, Johnsson A: Skin temperature increase caused by a mobile phone: a methodological infrared camera study. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005; 26: 510-9.
[62] Anderson V, Rowley J: Measurements of skin surface temperature during mobile phone use. Bioelectromagnetics. 2007; 28: 159-62.
[63] Yan JG, Agresti M, Bruce T, Yan YH, Granlund A, Matloub HS: Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats. Fertil Steril. 2007; 88: 957-64
[64] Gul A, Celebi H, Uğraş S. The effects of microwave emitted by cellular phones on ovarian follicles in rats. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009; 280(5): 729–33. 39.
[65] Roshangar L, Hamdi BA, Khaki AA, Rad JS, Soleimani-Rad S. Effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure on oocyte differentiation and follicular development. Adv Biomed Res. 2014; 3: 76.
[66] Borhani N., Rajaei F, Salehi Z, Javadi A. Analysis of DNA fragmentation in mouse embryos exposed to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Electromagn Biol Med. 2011; 30(4): 246–52.
[67] Di Carlo AL, Mullins JM, Litovitz TA. Thresholds for electromagnetic field-induced hypoxia protection: evidence for a primary electric field effect. Bioelectrochemistry. 2000; 52(1): 9–16.
