AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering

AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering

Hosting Capacity Enhancement of Photovoltaic Sources, Using Voltage Controller Devices and Energy Storage Systems

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
seied javad samadi rikandeh
Poorya Maghouli
Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22060/eej.2022.20779.5441
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model for the Distribution Network (DN) expansion, planning to increase the penetration of Photovoltaic (PV) energy sources in the Distribution Network. The presented model determines the optimal place of PVs in coordination with Energy Storage Systems (ESS). It also identifies the optimal power generation of PVs as well as the optimal amount of energy that must be purchased from the upstream utility grid. The aim of this optimization problem is to maximize the penetration capacity of PVs that the technical constraints of the Distribution Network are satisfied. The proposed optimization problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem, and is solved using SBB solver under GAMS. The uncertainties associated with PV production and electricity demand are modeled by generating different scenarios. The K-means clustering technique is used to reduce the number of scenarios to make the problem tractable. The effectiveness of the presented model is verified on a standard IEEE 33-bus distribution system. The numerical results show that using ESS capabilities On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC), and the reactive power production capability of PVs for controlling voltage profile, increasing the Hosting Capacity of PVs, improving the voltage profile, and thereby decreasing the total investment and operation costs. 
Keywords
Hosting Capacity enhancement
Photovoltaic systems
Energy Storage Systems
Reactive power
Voltage control
Subjects
  1. S´ergio F. Santos, Desta Z. Fitiwi, Miadreza Shafie-Khah, Abebe W. Bizuayehu, Carlos M. P. Cabrita, and Jo˜ao P. S. Catal˜ao,(2017). New Multistage and Stochastic Mathematical Model for Maximizing RES Hosting Capacity —Part I: Problem Formulation. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. (8, (1), PP.304-319).
  2. Shubh Lakshmi, Sanjib Ganguly, (2018). Simultaneous optimization of Photovoltaic Hosting Capacity and energy loss of radial Distribution Networks with open unified power quality conditioner allocation,IET Renewable Power Generation, (pp.1382-1389).
  3. S´ergio F. Santos, Desta Z. Fitiwi, Miadreza Shafie-Khah, Abebe W. Bizuayehu, Carlos M. P. Cabrita, and Jo˜ao P. S. Catal˜ao, (2017). New Multi-Stage and Stochastic Mathematical Model for Maximizing RES Hosting Capacity— Part II Numerical Results, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, (8, (1), PP.320-330).
  4. E.Baran and F.F.Wu, (1989). Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing," power Deliv. IEEE Trans. On, (vol. 4, no.2, pp. 1401-1407).
  5. Oguzhan Ceylan, Guodong Liu, Kevin Tomsovic, (2017). Coordinated Distribution Network control of tap changer transformers, capacitors and PV inverters. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  6. Eia (u.s Energy information administration). (2020). cost and performance characteristics of new generating technologies, Annual Energy outlook 2020.
  7. Ran Fu, David Feldman and Robert Margolis. (2018). u.s. solar Photovoltaic system cost Benchmark: Q1 2018. NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory).
  8. Solar power data for integration studies. (2006). NREL. From: https://www.nrel.gov/grid/solar-power-data.html.
  9. Pinheiro, C. Dornellas, M. T. Schilling, A. Melo, and J. Mello, (1998). Probing the new IEEE reliability test system (rts-96): Hl-ii assessment. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, (vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 171-176).
  10. S. Georgilakis and N. D. Hatziargyriou, (2015). A review of power distribution planning in the modern power systems era: Models, methods and future research. Electr. Power Syst. Res., (vol. 121, pp. 89–100).
  11. Abdi-Siab and H.Lesani, (2019). Two-stage scenario-based DEP incorporating PEV using Benders’ decomposition. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, (ISSN 1751-8687).
  12. S´ergio F. Santos, Desta Z. Fitiwi, Miadreza Shafie-Khah, Abebe W. Bizuayehu, Carlos M. P. Cabrita, and Jo˜ao P. S. Catal˜ao,(2017). New Multistage and Stochastic Mathematical Model for Maximizing RES Hosting Capacity —Part I: Problem Formulation. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. (8, (1), PP.304-319).
  13. Cheng, Y., Zhang, C., (2017). Configuration and operation combined optimization for EV battery swapping station considering PV consumption bundling, protection and control of modern power systems, (2:26 DOI 10.1186/s41601-017-0056-y).
  14. Shubh Lakshmi, Sanjib Ganguly, (2018). Modelling and allocation planning of voltage - sourced converters to improve the rooftop PV Hosting Capacity and energy efficiency of Distribution Networks, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, (PP.4462-4471).
  15. Hashemi, M., Østergaard, J., Thomas Degner, T., Brandl, R., & Heckmann, W. (2016). Efficient Control of Active Transformers for Increasing the PV Hosting Capacity of LV. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.
  16. Saeed Khalili, Ebrahim Abbasi,Bardia Behnia, Mohammad Amirkhan (2021). Designing Multi-objective optimization Model of Electricity Market Portfolio for industrial consumption under uncertainty, AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering, (Vol. 53, Issue 2).
  17. F .J. Ardakani and M. M. Ardehali,(2017). Optimization of Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Electricity Generation Expansion Planning Problem Based on Newly Improved Gravitational Search Algorithm, AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering, (PP.161-172).
  18. Shahmoradi , M. Kalantar, (2015). Resource Scheduling in a Smart Grid with Renewable Energy Resources and Plug-In Vehicles by MINLP Method, AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering, (Vol. 47, No. 2,PP.39-47).
  19. Singh and R. Misra, (2007). Effect of load models in distributed generation planning. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, (vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 2204-2212).ui
  20. Abdi & Lesani. (2020). Distribution expansion planning in the presence of plug in electric vehicle a bilevel optimization approach. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy systems.
  21. Amir Hamidi, Daryoush Nazarpour, Sajjad Goishannavaz, (2017). Optimal Scheduling of Unbalanced Distribution Networks to Improve the Contribution of Renewables and Network Balancing Performance, Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), (pp.1236-1241).
  22. M. Atwa, Student Member, IEEE, E. F. El-Saadany, Senior Member, IEEE, M. M. A. Salama, Fellow, IEEE, R. Seethapathy, Member, IEEE, M. Assam, and S. Conti, Member, IEEE, (2011). Adequacy Evaluation of Distribution System Including Wind/Solar DG During Different Modes of Operation, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, (VOL. 26, NO. 4).
AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering
Volume 54, Issue 2
December 2022
Pages 173-184