A Unified IMC based PI/PID Controller Tuning Approach for Time Delay Processes

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran

2 Amirkabir University of Technology

3 School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia

Abstract

This paper proposes a new PI/PID controller tuning method within filtered Smith predictor (FSP) configuration in order to deal with various types of time delay processes including stable, unstable and integrating delay dominant and slow dynamic processes. The proposed PI/PID controller is designed based on the IMC principle and is tuned using a new constraint and without requiring any approximation or model reduction techniques. Meanwhile, the set-point weighting method plays a vital role in achieving a desired performance in both servo and regulatory problems. To have an enhanced disturbance rejection for integrating processes, an improved IMC filter is adopted to design a PID controller. The presented settings are applicable to a wide range of integrating processes. The trade-off between robustness and regularity performance is easily adjustable by tuning only one parameter. Guidelines are provided for the selection of the tuning parameter based on the maximum sensitivity value. Various performance indices are used to measure the performance of the closed-loop control system. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed technique over some of the relevant techniques, particularly for integrating processes and stable processes with slow dynamics, by comparing performance indices such as IAE, total variation, overshoot and the maximum peak of error performance indices.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] A. Shariati, H.D. Taghirad, PD Controller Design with H  Performance for Linear Systems with Input Delay, AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering, 42(1) (2010) 57-64.
[2] A. Sheikhlar, M. Zarghami, A. Fakharian, M. Menhaj, Delay compensation on fuzzy trajectory tracking control of omni-directional mobile robots, AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering, 45(2) (2015) 57-64.
[3] O.J.M. Smith, A controller to overcome dead time, ISA Transactions, 6(2) (1959) 28-33.
[4] Y.-C. Tian, F. Gao, Double-controller scheme for control of processes with dominant delay, IEE Proceedings-Control Theory and Applications, 145(5) (1998) 479-484.
[5] J.E. Normey-Rico, E.F. Camacho, Dead-time compensators: A survey, Control engineering practice, 16(4) (2008) 407-428.
[6] B. Zhang, W. Tan, J. Li, Tuning of Smith predictor based generalized ADRC for time-delayed processes via IMC, ISA transactions,  (2019).
[7] D.F. Novella-Rodríguez, B.d.M. Cuéllar, J.F. Márquez-Rubio, M.Á. Hernández-Pérez, M. Velasco-Villa, PD–PID controller for delayed systems with two unstable poles: a frequency domain approach, International Journal of Control, 92(5) (2019) 1196-1208.
[8] Y. Chen, T. Liu, P. García, P. Albertos, Analytical design of a generalised predictor-based control scheme for low-order integrating and unstable systems with long time delay, IET Control Theory & Applications, 10(8) (2016) 884-893.
[9] D. Vrečko, D. Vrančić, Đ. Juričić, S. Strmčnik, A new modified Smith predictor: the concept, design and tuning, ISA transactions, 40(2) (2001) 111-121.
[10] M. Morari, E. Zafiriou, Robust process control, Morari, 1989.
[11] S. Majhi, D. Atherton, Modified Smith predictor and controller for processes with time delay, IEE Proceedings-Control Theory and Applications, 146(5) (1999) 359-366.
[12] M.R. Mataušek, A.I. Ribić, Control of stable, integrating and unstable processes by the Modified Smith Predictor, Journal of Process Control, 22(1) (2012) 338-343.
[13] T. Liu, Y. Cai, D. Gu, W. Zhang, New modified Smith predictor scheme for integrating and unstable processes with time delay, IEE Proceedings-Control Theory and Applications, 152(2) (2005) 238-246.
[14] S. Majhi, D.P. Atherton, Obtaining controller parameters for a new Smith predictor using autotuning, Automatica, 36(11) (2000) 1651-1658.
[15] I. Kaya, A new Smith predictor and controller for control of processes with long dead time, ISA transactions, 42(1) (2003) 101-110.
[16] D. Padhan, S. Majhi, Modified Smith predictor and controller for time delay processes, Electronics letters, 47(17) (2011) 959-961.
[17] X. Lu, Y.-S. Yang, Q.-G. Wang, W.-X. Zheng, A double two-degree-of-freedom control scheme for improved control of unstable delay processes, Journal of process control, 15(5) (2005) 605-614.
[18] W. Tan, Analysis and design of a double two-degree-of-freedom control scheme, ISA transactions, 49(3) (2010) 311-317.
[19] T. Liu, W. Zhang, D. Gu, Analytical design of two-degree-of-freedom control scheme for open-loop unstable processes with time delay, Journal of Process Control, 15(5) (2005) 559-572.
[20] A. Ahmadi, S. Nikravesh, Robust Smith Predictor (RSP), in: 2016 24th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1510-1515.
[21] T. Liu, P. García, Y. Chen, X. Ren, P. Albertos, R. Sanz, New predictor and 2dof control scheme for industrial processes with long time delay, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 65(5) (2017) 4247-4256.
[22] J.E. Normey-Rico, R.C. Flesch, T.L. Santos, Unified dead-time compensation structure for SISO processes with multiple dead times, ISA transactions, 53(6) (2014) 1865-1872.
[23] B.C. Torrico, W.B. Correia, F.G. Nogueira, Simplified dead-time compensator for multiple delay SISO systems, ISA transactions, 60 (2016) 254-261.
[24] R. Sanz, P. García, P. Albertos, A generalized smith predictor for unstable time-delay SISO systems, ISA transactions, 72 (2018) 197-204.
[25] S.A.C. Giraldo, R.C.C. Flesch, J.E. Normey-Rico, M.Z.P. Sejas, A Method for Designing Decoupled Filtered Smith Predictor for Square MIMO Systems With Multiple Time Delays, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 54(6) (2018) 6439-6449.
[26] J.E. Normey-Rico, E.F. Camacho, Unified approach for robust dead-time compensator design, Journal of Process Control, 19(1) (2009) 38-47.
[27] K.G. Begum, A.S. Rao, T. Radhakrishnan, Enhanced IMC based PID controller design for non-minimum phase (NMP) integrating processes with time delays, ISA transactions, 68 (2017) 223-234.
[28] K.G. Begum, A.S. Rao, T. Radhakrishnan, Maximum sensitivity based analytical tuning rules for PID controllers for unstable dead time processes, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 109 (2016) 593-606.
[29] Q.B. Jin, Q. Liu, IMC-PID design based on model matching approach and closed-loop shaping, ISA transactions, 53(2) (2014) 462-473.
[30] D.S. Kumar, R.P. Sree, Tuning of IMC based PID controllers for integrating systems with time delay, ISA transactions, 63 (2016) 242-255.
[31] H. Najafizadegan, F. Merrikh-Bayat, A. Jalilvand, IMC-PID controller design based on loop shaping via LMI approach, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 124 (2017) 170-180.
[32] M. Shamsuzzoha, M. Lee, PID controller design for integrating processes with time delay, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25(4) (2008) 637-645.
[33] G.K.R.P. Vuppu, S.M. Venkata, S. Kodati, Robust design of PID controller using IMC technique for integrating process based on maximum sensitivity, Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems, 26(5) (2015) 466-475.
[34] Z.-c. Zhao, Z.-y. Liu, J.-g. Zhang, IMC-PID tuning method based on sensitivity specification for process with time-delay, Journal of Central South University of Technology, 18(4) (2011) 1153-1160.
[35] M. Shamsuzzoha, M. Lee, Enhanced disturbance rejection for open-loop unstable process with time delay, ISA transactions, 48(2) (2009) 237-244.
[36] Q. Jin, Q. Liu, Analytical IMC-PID design in terms of performance/robustness tradeoff for integrating processes: From 2-Dof to 1-Dof, Journal of Process Control, 24(3) (2014) 22-32.
[37] I. Kaya, IMC based automatic tuning method for PID controllers in a Smith predictor configuration, Computers & chemical engineering, 28(3) (2004) 281-290.
[38] T. Liu, F. Gao, New insight into internal model control filter design for load disturbance rejection, IET control theory & applications, 4(3) (2010) 448-460.
[39] T. Liu, F. Gao, Enhanced IMC design of load disturbance rejection for integrating and unstable processes with slow dynamics, ISA transactions, 50(2) (2011) 239-248.
[40] W. Tan, H.J. Marquez, T. Chen, IMC design for unstable processes with time delays, Journal of Process Control, 13(3) (2003) 203-213.
[41] M. Chidambaram, Set-point weighted PI/PID controllers for integrating plus dead-time processes, in:  Proc. National Symposium on Intelligent Measurement and Control, Chennai, India, 2000, pp. 324-331.
[42] J.E. Normey-Rico, R. Sartori, M. Veronesi, A. Visioli, An automatic tuning methodology for a unified dead-time compensator, Control Engineering Practice, 27 (2014) 11-22.
[43] P.G.K. Rao, M. Subramanyam, K. Satyaprasad, Design of cascaded IMC-PID controller with improved filter for disturbance rejection, International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 12(2) (2014) 127-141.
[44] M. Shamsuzzoha, M. Skliar, M. Lee, Design of IMC filter for PID control strategy of open‐loop unstable processes with time delay, Asia‐Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 7(1) (2012) 93-110.
[45] Q. Wang, C. Lu, W. Pan, IMC PID controller tuning for stable and unstable processes with time delay, Chemical engineering research and design, 105 (2016) 120-129.
[46] M. Shamsuzzoha, M. Lee, IMC− PID controller design for improved disturbance rejection of time-delayed processes, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 46(7) (2007) 2077-2091.
[47] C. Anil, R.P. Sree, Tuning of PID controllers for integrating systems using direct synthesis method, ISA transactions, 57 (2015) 211-219.