Designing Cost- and Energy-Efficient Cell-free Massive MIMO Network with Fiber and FSO Fronthaul Links

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Amirkabir University of Technology

2 Amirkabir university of technology

Abstract

The emerging cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) is a promising scheme to tackle the capacity crunch in wireless networks. Designing the optimal fronthaul network in the CF-mMIMIO is of utmost importance to deploy a cost and energy-efficient network. In this paper, we present a framework to optimally design the fronthaul network of CF-mMIMO utilizing optical fiber and free space optical (FSO) technologies. We study an uplink data transmission of the CF-mMIMO network, wherein each of the distributed access points (APs) is connected to a central processing unit (CPU) through a capacity-limited fronthaul, which could be the optical fiber or FSO. Herein, we have derived achievable rates and studied the network's energy efficiency in the presence of power consumption models at the APs and fronthaul links. Although an optical fiber link has a larger capacity, it consumes less power and has a higher deployment cost than tan FSO link. For a given total number of APs, the optimal number of optical fiber and FSO links and the optimal capacity coefficient for the optical fibers are derived to maximize the system's performance. Finally, the network's performance is investigated through numerical results to highlight the effects of different types of optical fronthaul links.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1.Marzetta, T.L., Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2010. 9(11): p. 3590-3600.
2.Khormuji, M.N., Generalized Semi-Orthogonal Multiple-Access for Massive MIMO. IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference, 2015.
3.Marzetta, H.Q.N.A.A.H.Y.E.G.L.T.L., Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Small Cells. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2017. 16(3): p. 1834-1850.
4.Khormuji, A.K.M.J.E.M.N., Optimal Design of Semi-Orthogonal Multiple-Access Massive MIMO Systems. IEEE Communications Letters, 2017. 21(10): p. 2230-2233.
5.Duong, T.C.M.H.Q.N.M.E.T.Q., Pilot Power Control for Cell-Free Massive MIMO. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2018. 67(11): p. 11264-11268.
6.D’Andrea, S.B.C., Cell-Free Massive MIMO: User-Centric Approach. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2017. 6(6): p. 706-709.
7.D'Andrea, S.B.C., User-Centric Communications versus Cell-free Massive MIMO for 5G Cellular Networks. 21th International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas, 2017.
8.D’Elia, S.B.C.D.A.A.Z.C., User-Centric 5G Cellular Networks: Resource Allocation and Comparison With the Cell-Free Massive MIMO Approach. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2019. 19(2).
9.Larsson, H.Q.N.L.-N.T.T.Q.D.M.M.E.G., On the Total Energy Efficiency of Cell-Free Massive MIMO. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 2017. 2(1): p. 25-39.
10.Marzetta, H.Y.T.L., Energy Efficiency of Massive MIMO: Cell-Free vs. Cellular. IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2018.
11.Emadi, H.M.M.J., Performance Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO System With Limited Fronthaul Capacity and Hardware Impairments. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2019. 19(2): p. 1038-1053.
12.Xiao, M.B.K.C.A.G.B.H.Q.N.M.D.P., Max–Min Rate of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Uplink With Optimal Uniform Quantization. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2019. 67(10): p. 6795-6815.
13.Leung, M.Z.H.M.J.H.J.C.V.C.M., Statistical Delay-QoS Aware Joint Power Allocation and Relaying Link Selection for Free Space Optics Based Fronthaul Networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2017. 66(3): p. 1124-1138.
14.Uysal, M.A.K.M., Survey on Free Space Optical Communication: A Communication Theory Perspective. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2014. 16(4): p. 2231-2258.
15.Alouini, A.D.H.D.T.Y.A.-N.M.-S., Hybrid Radio/Free-Space Optical Design for Next Generation Backhaul Systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2016. 64(6): p. 2563-2577.
16.Alouini, M.U.H.-C.Y.M.-S., Practical Switching-Based Hybrid FSO/RF Transmission and Its Performance Analysis. IEEE Photonics Journal 2014. 6(5).
17.Schober, V.J.D.S.M.M.U.R., Link Allocation for Multiuser Systems With Hybrid RF/FSO Backhaul: Delay-Limited and Delay-Tolerant Designs. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2016. 15(5): p. 3281-3295.
18.Hranilovic, K.A.S., C-RAN uplink optimization using mixed radio and FSO fronthaul. IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2018. 10(6): p. 603-612.
19.Schober, M.N.V.J.R., Optimal Relay Selection for the Parallel Hybrid RF/FSO Relay Channel: Non-Buffer-Aided and Buffer-Aided Designs. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2017. 65(7): p. 2794-2810.
20.Uysal, R.C.K.O.N.M., Centralized Light Access Network (C-LiAN): A Novel Paradigm for Next Generation Indoor VLC Networks. IEEE Access, 2017. 5: p. 19703-19710.
21.Pollin, J.B.A.G.Q.W.D.J.D.G.S., DenseVLC: a cell-free massive MIMO system with distributed LEDs. 14th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies, 2018: p. 320-332.
22.Pouya Agheli, M.J.E., Hamzeh Beyranvand, Performance Analysis of Cell-free and User-Centric MIMO Networks with Optical Fronthaul and Backhaul Links. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.06680, 2020.
23.Dhillon, C.S.M.A.H.S., Bandwidth Partitioning and Downlink Analysis in Millimeter Wave Integrated Access and Backhaul for 5G. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2018. 17(12): p. 8195-9210.
24.Zorzi, M.P.M.G.A.R.D.C.M., Distributed Path Selection Strategies for Integrated Access and Backhaul at mmWaves. IEEE Global Communications Conference, 2018.
25.Zorzi, M.P.M.G.T.Z.A.R.S.G.D.C.M., Integrated Access and Backhaul in 5G mmWave Networks: Potential and Challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine 2020. 58(3): p. 62-68.
26.Renaud, L.G.G.M.M.T.L.M.J.F.A.J.S.R.L.I.H.W.R.V.P.C.C., Integrated Wireless-Optical Backhaul and Fronthaul Provision Through Multicore Fiber. IEEE Access, 2020. 8: p. 146915-146922.
27.Dhillon, C.S.H.S., Millimeter Wave Integrated Access and Backhaul in 5G: Performance Analysis and Design Insights. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2019. 37(12): p. 2669-2684.
28.Cover, J.A.T.T.M., Elements of information theory. John Wiley & Sons,, 2012.
29.T. L. Marzetta, E.G.L., H. Yang, and H. Q. Ngo, Fundamentals of massive MIMO. 2016: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
AUT Journal of Electrical Engineering
Volume 53, Issue 2
December 2021
Pages 159-170

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics