ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Efficient Scheme for PAPR Reduction of OFDM based on Selected Mapping without Side Information
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become a promising method for many wireless communication applications. However, one main drawback of OFDM systems is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Selected mapping (SLM) is a well-known technique to decrease the problem of high PAPR in OFDM systems. In this method, transmitter is obliged to send some bits named side information (SI) for each data block. Such side information causes bandwidth efficiency to be decreased; in addition, incorrect detection of SI in receiver side make whole data block be lost. In this paper, we propose a technique by using linear feedback shift register (LFSR) in which side information bits are not explicitly sent. By considering an OFDM system through the use of 16-QAM modulation as an illustrated example, it is shown that the proposed technique from the view point of bit error rate (BER), probability of detection failure ( Pdf) and PAPR reduction performs very well.
https://eej.aut.ac.ir/article_357_e2326a607b92bb7a3e84107a7b5e31c5.pdf
2012-10-01
1
9
10.22060/eej.2012.357
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)
peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR)
selected mapping
Side Information
Saber
Meymanatabadi
smeymanat@tabrizu.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Javad
Musevi Niya
niya@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
behzad
mozaffari tazehkand
mozaffary@tabrizu.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
R. van. Nee, G. Awater, M. Morikura, H. Takanashi, M. Webster, K. W. Halford, “New high-rate wireless LAN standards”, IEEE Commun. Mag, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 82– 88, 1999.
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P. H. Moose, D. Roderick, R. North, M. Geile, “A COFDM-based radio for HDR LOS networked communications”, in Proc. IEEE ICC, vol. 1, pp. 187– 192, 1999.
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H. Yang, “A road to future broadband wireless access: MIMO-OFDM based air interface”, IEEE Commun. Mag, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 53– 60, 2005.
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R. Nee, R. Prasad, “OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications”, Boston, Artech House, 2000.
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B. S. Krongold and D. L. Jones, “PAR reduction in OFDM via active constellation extension”, IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 258– 268, Sep, 2003.
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M. Breiling, S. H. Muller-Weinfurtner, J. B. Hubber, “SLM peak-power reduction without explicit side information”, IEEE Commun. Lett, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 239– 241, 2001.
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K. Yang, S. Chang, “Peak-to-average power control in OFDM using standard arrays of linear block codes”, IEEE Commun. Lett, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 174– 176, 2003.
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A. D. S. Jayalath, C. Tellambura, “SLM and PTS peak-power reduction of OFDM signals without side information”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 2006– 2013, 2005.
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N. Chen, G. T. Zhou, “Peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM with blind selected pilot tone modulation”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 2210- 2216, 2006.
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S. Y. L. Goff, B. K. Khoo, C. C. Tsimenidis, B. S. Sharif, “A Novel Selected Mapping Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Communication, vol. 56, no. 11, November, 2008.
21
Saber. Meymanatabadi, Javad Musevi Niya, Behzad Mozaffari, “Selected Mapping Technique for PAPR Reduction Without Side Information Based on m-Sequence”, Wireless Personal Communication, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 2523- 2534, August, 2013.
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S. Shepherd, J. Orriss, S. Barton, “Asymptotic limits in peak envelope power reduction by redundant coding in orthogonal frequency-division multiplex modulation”, IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 5– 10, Jan, 1998.
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R. van Nee, A. deWild, “Reducing the peak to average power ratio of OFDM”, in Proceedings of the 48th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, vol. 3, pp. 2072– 2076, May, 1998.
24
S. Q. Wei, D. L. Goeckel, P. E. Kelly, “A modem extreme value theory approach to calculating the distribution of the peak-to-average power ratio in OFDM Systems”, in IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 3, pp. 1686–1690, Apr, 2002.
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J. G. Proakis., “Digital Communications”, 4th ed. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
26
Golomb, S. W., Gong, G., “Signal Design for Good Correlation”, Cambridge University Press. 2005.
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Simon, M. K. Spread Spectrum Communications Handbook. Boston: McGraw-Hill. 1994.
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Don, T., “Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication Systems”, Springer. 2004.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_polynomial.
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Williams, M., Sloane, F.J., “Pseudo-random sequences and arrays”, Proceedings of the IEEE, pp.1715- 1729, 1976.
31
C. Tellambura, “Computation of the continuous-time PAR of an OFDM signal with BPSK subcarriers”, IEEE Commun. Lett, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 185- 187, 2001.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A New Compact Ultra-wideband Linear Antenna Array for Target Detection Applications
This paper presents a low-cost compact planar microstrip-fed monopole antenna and its four-element array design for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication and target detection applications, respectively, operating in the frequency span of 3 GHz to 11 GHz. A prototype was fabricated and then measured based on optimal parameters. The results of reflection coefficient (S11) and radiation patterns are shown and discussed. There is good consistency between the simulated S11 and the measured one. In addition, a 1 × 4 linear array design with the size of 100 mm × 34 mm has been proposed to achieve a higher gain. Simulation shows that the array gain is increased about 6 dBi in comparison to the single element through the whole UWB frequency range. The proposed array has an average of -15 dB side lobe level (SLL) in the mentioned range. And also, a -23 dB SLL has been achieved by applying Dolph-Chebyshev amplitude distribution at 6 GHz. Simulation results confirm that the antenna exhibits a constant bidirectional radiation pattern with a high and flat gain in case of the array design.
https://eej.aut.ac.ir/article_358_21a3ebc90506c46273dc919be8992447.pdf
2012-10-01
11
19
10.22060/eej.2012.358
cross-polar pattern
element spacing
reflection coefficient
UWB antenna
and UWB array
reza
gholami
reza214412@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bijan
Zakeri
zakeri@nit.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
hossein
Mehrpour Bernety
hossein_mehrpourbernety@ieee.org
3
M.Sc. Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
Federal Communication Commission, “FCC 02-48– First Report and Order: Revision of Part 15 of the Commission’s Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems”, Washington, DC, released April 22, 2002.
1
J. Liang, C. C. Chiau, X. D. Chen, and C. G. Parini, “Study of a Printed Circular Disc Monopole Antenna for UWB Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 3500– 3504, Nov, 2005.
2
Eldek, A. A., “Numerical Analysis of a Small Ultra-wideband Microstrip-fed Tap Monopole Antenna”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 66, pp. 199– 212, 2006.
3
R. Zaker, Ch. Ghobadi, and J. Nourinia, “A Modified Microstrip-fed two-step Tapered Monopole Antenna for UWB AND WLAN Applications”, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 77, pp. 137– 148, 2007.
4
N. Prombutr, P. Kirawanich, and P. Akkaraekthalin, “Bandwidth Enhancement of UWB Microstrip Antenna with a Modified Ground Plane”, International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology, vol. Article ID 821515, 7 pages, 2009.
5
Chen, D. and C.-H. Cheng, “A Novel Compact Ultra-wideband (UWB) Wide Slot Antenna with via Holes”, ProgressIn Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 94, pp. 343– 349, 2009.
6
M. Ojaroudi, Sh. Yazdanifard, N. Ojaroudi, and M. Naser-Moghaddasi, “Small Square Monopole Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth by Using Inverted T-Shaped Slot and Conductor-Backed Plane”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 670– 674, February, 2011.
7
Klemm M. et al, “Radar-Based Breast Cancer Detection Using a Hemispherical Antenna Array–Experimental Results”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 1692–1704, 2009.
8
H. J. Lam, J. Bornemann, “Ultra-Wideband Printed-Circuit Array Antenna for Medical Monitoring Applications”, IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB), pp. 506–510, September, 2009.
9
K. SHAMBAVI, Z. C. ALEX, T. N. P. KRISHNA, “Design and Analysis of High Gain MillimeterWave Microstrip Antenna Array for WirelessApplications”, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, Vol. 7, No.2, pp. 159–164, 2010.
10
C.Lakshmipriya, A. P. Nithyapriya, R. Nivedha, “Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Array Antenna Design for LTE and WLAN Application”, International Journal of Communications and Engineering, Vol. 3, No.3, pp. 11– 14, 2012.
11
M. Garbaruk, “Analysis of ultra-wideband linear antenna arrays”, PrzegladElektrotechniczny (Electrical Review), Vol., No. 8, pp. 75–76, 2012.
12
B. Kasi, C. K. Chakrabarty, “ULTRA-Wideband Antenna Array Design for Target Detection”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 25, pp. 67– 79, 2012.
13
Bin Huang, YingxinXu, “Analysis and Design of A Novel UWB Antenna Array”, IEEE International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), pp. 313– 316, May, 2010.
14
R. D’Errico, A. Sibille, “Mutual Coupling in UWB Compact Arrays”, European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (Euro-COST), Valencia, Spain, May, 2009.
15
O. Ahmed, A. Sebak, “Mutual Coupling Effect on Ultrawideband Linear Antenna Array Performance”, International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2011, 11 pages, 2011.
16
T. Y. Yun, and K. Chang, “A Low-Cost 8 to 26.5 GHz Phased Array Antenna Using a Piezoelectric Transducer Controlled Phase Shifter”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. , vol. 49, No. 9, Sept, 2001.
17
M. Y. W. Chia, T. H. Lim, J. K. Yin, P. Y. Chee, S. W. Leong, and C. K. Sim, “Electronic Beam-Steering Design for UWB Phased Array”, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, No. 6, June, 2006.
18
B. Allen, “Ultra Wideband Antennas and Propagation for Communications, Radar and Imaging”, John Wiley & Sons Inc, ISBN 978- 0-470- 03255- 8.
19
K. Bahadori, Y. Rahmat-Samii, “A Miniaturized Elliptic-Card UWB Antenna With WLAN Band Rejection forWireless Communications”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 11, 2007.
20
R. C. Hanson, “Phased Array Antennas, Second Edition”, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.,2009.
21
O. Ahmed, A. R. Sebak, “Mutual Coupling Effect on Ultrawideband Linear Antenna Array Performance”, International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol, 11 pages, Article ID 142581, 2011.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Magnetic Saturation Impacts on Fault Analysis of Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors using Winding Function Approach
Multiple coupled circuit modeling of squirrel-cage induction motors, or winding function approach is the most detailed and complete analytical model used to analyze the performance of the faulty induction motors. This paper extends the above-mentioned model to a saturable model including variable degrees of the saturation effects using an appropriate air gap function and novel techniques for locating the angular position of the air gap flux density and for estimating the saturation factor. Comparing simulated and experimental magnetization characteristics and no-load current waveforms, accuracy of the new saturable model is verified. Using saturable and non-saturable models, various simulations are carried out on faulty induction motors, and then, by comparing the results, the impacts of the saturation on the performance of the faulty motor become evident. Also, comparisons are made with the experimental and/or finite elements results, which confirm the higher accuracy of the saturable model versus non-saturable model.
https://eej.aut.ac.ir/article_359_05766be62df74a2b5e049d91807465f6.pdf
2012-10-01
21
31
10.22060/eej.2012.359
induction motors
Failure analysis
Saturation magnetization
Modeling
Computer simulation
mansour
ojaghi
mojaghi@znu.ac.ir
1
زنجان - خ صفا -کوچه شهید علوی - سمت راست - پ 7
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahdi
Sabouri
m.sabouri@znu.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Statistical Variation Analysis of Formant and Pitch Frequencies in Anger and Happiness Emotional Sentences in Farsi Language
Setup of an emotion recognition or emotional speech recognition system is directly related to how emotion changes the speech features. In this research, the influence of emotion on the anger and happiness was evaluated and the results were compared with the neutral speech. So the pitch frequency and the first three formant frequencies were used. The experimental results showed that there are logical and reasonable relations between the emotions and variations of these speech features. These results were also used to confirm our previous research about emotion recognition and emotional speech recognition.
https://eej.aut.ac.ir/article_361_d0394f6f335b5f4c6db7e187e3fb95a0.pdf
2012-10-01
33
45
10.22060/eej.2012.361
Emotion
Emotion Recognition
Emotional Speech Recognition
statistical analysis
Formant and Pitch Frequencies
Davood
Gharavian
dgharavian@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Rong, J., Li, G. and Chen, Y. P., “Acoustic Feature Selection for Automatic Emotion Recognition from Speech”, Information Processing and Management, 45 (3), pp. 315- 328, doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2008.09.003, 2009.
1
Batliner, A., Steidi, S., Schuller, B., Seppi, D., Vogt, T., Wagner, J., Devillers, L., Vidrascu, L., Aharonson, V., Kessous, L. and Amir, N., “Whodunnit- Searching for the Most Important Feature Types Signalling Emotion-Related User States in Speech”, Computer Speech and Language, 25(1), pp. 4- 28, doi:10.1016/j.csl.2009.12.003, 2010.
2
Polzehl, T., Schmitt, A., Metze F., and Wagner, M., “Anger Recognition in Speech Using Acoustic and
3
Linguistic Cues”, Speech Communication, 53 (9-10), pp. 1198- 1209, doi: 10.1016/j.specom2011.05.002, 2011.
4
Bozkurt, E., Erdem, C. E., Erdem, A. T. and Erzin, E., “Formant Position Based Weighted Spectral Features for Emotion Recognition”, Speech Communication Journal, 53(9-10), pp. 1186- 1197, 2011.
5
Petridis, S., and Pantic, M., “Audiovisual Discrimination between Laughter and Speech”, in Proc Int. Conf. on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 5117- 5120, 2008.
6
Benzeghiba, M., De Mori, R., Deroo, O., Dupont, S., Erbes, T., Jouvet, D., Fissore, L., Laface, P., Mertins, A., Ris, C., Rose, R., Tyagi, V., and Wellekens, C., “Automatic Speech Recognition and Speech Variability, A Review”, Speech Communication, vol.49, pp. 763- 786, doi:10.1016/j.specom, 02, 006, 2007.
7
Zhang, C., Weijer, J. V. D., Cui, J., “Intra- and Inter-Speaker Variations of Formant Patter for Lateral Syllables in Standard Chinese”, Journal of Forensic Science International, 158 (2-3), pp. 117- 124, doi:101016/j.forsciint.2005.04.043, 2005.
8
Hagenaars, M. A., and Minnen, A. V., “The Effect of Fear on Paralinguistic Aspects of Speech in Patients with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia”, In journal of Anxiety Disorder, 19(5), pp. 521- 537, 2005.
9
Lakshminarayanan, K., Shalom, D. B., Wassenhove, V. V., Orbelo, D., Houde, J., and Poeppel, D., “The Effect of Spectral Manipulations on the Identification of Affective and Linguistic Prosody”, Brain and Language, 84 (2), pp. 250- 263, 2003.
10
Steidl, S., Batliner, A., Seppi, D., and Schuller, B., “On the Impact of Children’s Emotional Speech on Acoustic and Language Models”, EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech and Music Processing, doi:10.1155/2010/783954, 2010.
11
Toivanen, J., Vayrynen, E., and Seppanen, T., “Automatic Discrimination of Emotion from Spoken Finnish”, Language and Speech Journal, 47 (4), pp. 383- 412, doi:10.1177/00238309040470040301, 2004.
12
Pell , M. D., Paulmann, S., Dara, C., Alasseri, A., and Kotz, S. A., “Factors in the Recognition of Vocally Expressed Emotions: A Comparison of Four Languages”, Journal of Phonetics, 37 (4), pp. 417-436, 2009.
13
Jong, K. D., “Stress, Lexical focus, and segmental focus in English: Patterns of Variation in Vowel Duration”, Journal of Phonetics, 32 (4), pp. 493-516, 2004.
14
Gharavian, D., Sheikhzadeh, H. and Ahadi, S. M., “An Experimental Multi-Speaker Study on Farsi Phoneme Duration Rules Using Automatic Alignment”, in Proc. 8th Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology, pp. 186-191, 2000.
15
Gharavian, D. and Ahadi, S. M., “Statistical Evaluation of the Influence of Stress on Pitch Frequency and Phoneme Durations in Farsi Language”, in Proc 8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, pp. 1- 4, 2003.
16
Gharavian, D. and Ahadi, S. M., “Evaluation of the Effect of Stress on Formants in Farsi Vowels”, in Proc. 2004 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp. 661- 664, 2004.
17
Gharavian, D., “Prosody in Farsi Language and Its Use in Recognition of Intonation and Speech”, PhD Thesis, Elec. Eng. Dept., Amirkabir University, Tehran, 2004.
18
Gharavian, D. and Ahadi, S. M., “Use of Formants in Stressed and Unstressed Continuous Speech Recognition”, in Proc. 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, pp. 1- 4, 2004.
19
Gharavian, D. and Ahadi, S.M., “Statistical Evaluation of Stress in Farsi and Its Effect on Vowel Pitch Frequencies, Durations and Energies”, Amirkabir Scientific Research Journal, 15 (58-A), pp. 258- 268, Spring, 2004.
20
Gharavian, D., Sheikhan, M. and Janipour, M., “Pitch in Emotional Speech and Emotional Speech Recognition Using Pitch Frequency”, Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering, 4(1), pp. 19- 24, 2010.
21
Gharavian, D. and Sheikhan, M., “Emotion Recognition and Emotion Spotting Improvement Using Formant-Related Features”, Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering, 4(1), pp. 1- 8, 2010.
22
Sheikhan, M., Gharavian, D. and Ashoftedel, F., “Using DTW-Neural Based MFCC Warping to Improve Emotional Speech Recognition”, Neural Computing and Applications Journal, 21 (7), pp. 1765- 1773, doi: 10.1007/s00521- 011- 0620- 8, 2012.
23
Gharavian, D., Sheikhan, M., Nazerieh, A. and Garoucy, S., “Speech Emotion Recognition Using FCBF Feature Selection Method and GA- Optimized Fuzzy ARTMAP Neural Network”, Neural Computing and Applications Journal, 21(8), pp. 1-12, doi:10.1007/s00521- 011- 0643- 1, 2011.
24
Gharavian, D. and Sheikhan, M., “GMM-Based Emotion Recognition in Farsi Language Using Feature Selection Algorithms”, World Applied Science Journal, 14(4), pp. 626- 638, 2011.
25
Gharavian, D., Sheikhan, M. and Ashoftedel, F., “Using Neutralized Formant Frequencies to Improve Emotional Speech Recognition”, IEICE Electronic Express, 8(14), pp. 1155- 1160, 2011.
26
Sheikhan, M., Bejani, M. and Gharavian, D., “Modular Neural-SVM Scheme for Speech Recognition Using ANOVA Feature Selection Method”, Neural Computing and Applications Journal, pp. 1-13. doi:10.1007/s00521- 012- 0814- 8, 2012.
27
Gharavian, D., Sheikhan, M. and Ashoftedel, F., “Emotion Recognition Improvement Using Normalized Formant Supplementary Features by Hybrid of DTW-MLP-GMM”, Neural Computing and Applications Journal, pp. 1-11, doi: 10.1007/s00521- 012- 0884- 7, 2012.
28
Bijankhan, M., Sheikhzadegan, J., Roohani, M. R., Samareh, Y., Lucas, C. and Tebiani, M., “The Speech Database of Farsi Spoken Language”, in Proc. 1994 5th Australian Int. Conf. on Speech Science and Technology, pp. 826- 83, 1994.
29
Young, S. J., Evermann, G., Kershaw, D., Moore, G., Odell, J., Ollason, D., Povey, D., Valtchev, V. and Woodland, P., The HTK Book (ver 3.2), Cambridge University Eng. Dept, 2002.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Development of Maximum Likelihood Estimation Approaches for Adaptive Estimation of Free Speed and Critical Density in Vehicle Freeways
The performance of many traffic control strategies depends on how much the traffic flow models are accurately calibrated. One of the most applicable traffic flow model in traffic control and management is LWR or METANET model. Practically, key parameters in LWR model, including free flow speed and critical density, are parameterized using flow and speed measurements gathered by inductive loop detectors and Closed-Circuit TV. The challenging problem here is continuous changes in these parameters due to traffic conditions (traffic composition, incidents) and environmental factors (dense fog, strong wind, snow) and missing data. In this paper Maximum Likelihood approaches are developed to the LWR model identification while inaccurate observations are available at the traffic control center. A Maximum Likelihood method is accomplished via the employment of an Expectation Maximization algorithm. To approximate first and second derivatives of optimal filter without sticking in analytical complexities, The EM algorithm is implemented based on particle filters and smoothers. Two convincing simulation results for two sets of field traffic data are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
https://eej.aut.ac.ir/article_362_23c0e55fc4378e26726b09dac8c4fb87.pdf
2012-10-01
47
58
10.22060/eej.2012.362
Maximum Likelihood Estimation
Free Speed
Critical Density
Expectation Maximization Algorithm
Amin
Ramezani
ramezani@modares.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of ELec & Comp, Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Behzad
Moshiri
moshiri@ut.ac.ir
2
Professor, Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of ELec, & Comp. Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ashkan
Rahimi Kian
arkian@ut.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence, School of ELec & Comp, Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] M. Papageorgiou, J. Blosseviller, and H. Hadj-Salem, “Modelling and real-time control of traffic flow on the southern part of boulevard peripherique in paris: Part i: modelling”, Transportation Research, vol. 24A, no. 5, pp. 345– 359, 1990.
1
[2] Y. Wang, M. Papageorgiou, and A. Messmer, “A real-time freeway network traffic surveillance tool”, IEEE Trans. Control Systems Technology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 18– 32, 2006.
2
[3] L. Ljung., “System identification, Theory for the user. System sciences series”, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, second edition, 1999.
3
[4] T. Soderstrom and P. Stoica, “System identification. Systems and Control Engineering”, Prentice Hall, 1989.
4
[5] Doucet, A., de Freitas, J.F.G. and Gordon N.J. (eds.), “Sequential Monte Carlo Methods in Practice”, New York: Springer- Verlag, 2001.
5
[6] Guyader, A., LeGland, F. and Oudjane, N., “A particle implementation of the recursive MLE for partially observed diffusions”, Proceedings of the 13th IFAC Symposium on System Identfication, 1305- 1310, 2003.
6
[7] Cerou F., LeGland F. and Newton N.J., “Stochastic particle methods for linear tangent equations in Optimal Control and PDE's- Innovations and Applications”, eds. J. Menaldi, E. Rofman, 2001.
7
[8] Benveniste, A., Metivier, M. and Priouret, P..Adaptive Algorithms and Stochastic Approximation. New York: Springer- Verlag, 1990.
8
[9] Spall J. C., “Adaptive stochastic approximation by the simultaneous perturbation method”, IEEE Trans. Autom. Contr., vol. 45, pp. 1839- 1853, 2000.
9
[10] Bertsekas D., “Nonlinear Programming”, 2nd Edition, Athena Scientific,1999.
10
[11] A. Coquelin, R. Deguest, and R. Munos, “Numerical methods for sensitivity analysis of Feynman- Kac models”, Technical Report INRIA- 00125427, INRIA, France, January, 2007.
11
[12] Doucet, A., de Freitas, N. and Gordon, N. (Eds.), “Sequential Monte Carlo Methods in Practice”, Springer Verlag, 2001.
12
[13] M. Papageorgiou, J. Blosseviller, and H. Hadj-Salem, “Modelling and real-time control of traffic flow on the southern part of boulevard peripherique in paris: Parti: modelling”, Transportation Research, vol. 24A, no. 5, pp. 345–359, 1990.
13
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimum Design of BrushLess DC Motor with Minimum Torque Pulsation using FEM & PSO
Despite many advantages of BrushLess DC motor, torque pulsation is one of the most important disadvantages of it. At first, an optimum primary design of BLDC motor is done using PSO algorithm. Then, other parameters for reducing the torque pulsation are considered by finite element method. It is shown that fractional slot structure has many advantages than conventional one. Both cogging and ripple torque have been reduced for fractional structure. In the next steps, other important torque pulsation parameters, such as magnet embrace, offset and skew are considered. Proper embrace, skew and offset are achieved for reducing torque pulsation by nonlinear finite-element analysis.
https://eej.aut.ac.ir/article_360_e08ac42ef37b7a597bc79a3a5cd0a9b4.pdf
2012-10-01
59
70
10.22060/eej.2012.360
BrushLess DC Motor
Torque pulsation
finite element
PSO algorithm
Mojtaba
Pourjafari
m_en_p@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Esmael
Fallah Choolabi
fallah_e@guilan.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
mehrdad
jafar bolan
j_mehrdad405@hotmail.com
3
Associated Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin shahr, Iran
AUTHOR
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